What is a good way to reduce emissions from transportation?

Cutting transportation emissions while traveling is crucial. Prioritize walking and cycling; it’s a fantastic way to explore a new place intimately. Many cities boast excellent bike-share schemes – a cheap and eco-friendly option. Public transport often offers scenic routes and insightful local experiences; research routes and schedules beforehand for maximum efficiency.

Consider these further points:

Choose sustainable accommodation: Opt for hotels or guesthouses within walking distance of attractions or with good public transport links, minimizing taxi or rental car use.
Pack light: Heavier luggage means more fuel consumption for transportation, whether it’s your own car or a bus.
Plan your itinerary efficiently: Group similar activities together to minimize travel time and distance.

If driving is unavoidable:

Rent a fuel-efficient vehicle: Hybrids or electric cars are increasingly available.
Carpool: Share rides with fellow travelers whenever possible.
Offset your carbon footprint: Several organizations allow you to compensate for your emissions through verified carbon offset projects.

How can London reduce its carbon footprint?

London’s fight against climate change requires a multi-pronged approach, going far beyond simple policy. Think of it like navigating a complex, ever-shifting travel itinerary; you need diverse strategies for a successful journey.

Firstly, a green jobs boom is crucial. Imagine London, not just a global financial hub, but a global leader in sustainable solutions. This means investing heavily in training and education, creating a skilled workforce for green technologies – from solar panel installation (which I’ve seen flourishing in places like Berlin) to the design of energy-efficient buildings (a marvel I witnessed in Copenhagen). This isn’t just about reducing emissions; it’s about creating a thriving, future-proof economy.

Next, local renewable power generation needs a significant boost. Picture London’s skyline dotted with wind turbines (a common sight in many coastal cities I’ve explored) and rooftop solar panels, transforming the city into a self-sufficient energy powerhouse. This reduces reliance on fossil fuels, a major contributor to the city’s carbon footprint, a problem I’ve seen firsthand in many rapidly developing cities worldwide.

All new developments must adhere to stringent carbon-neutral standards. Think of the architectural wonders I’ve seen, seamlessly integrating green technologies into their designs. This isn’t just about constructing eco-friendly buildings; it’s about crafting a sustainable urban landscape. We need to move beyond mere compliance and embrace truly innovative, low-carbon construction methods. The ambition should be to make London a global exemplar of sustainable urban planning.

Finally, and critically, London needs to prepare for the unavoidable impacts of climate change. From my travels, I’ve witnessed firsthand the devastating effects of extreme weather. London must invest heavily in infrastructure that can withstand these events – improved drainage systems, resilient transport networks, and robust emergency response plans. This is not just about mitigating emissions; it’s about ensuring the safety and well-being of its citizens in a changing climate. It’s about ensuring London remains a vibrant and resilient city for future generations, a city worthy of its global standing.

What are 3 ways to reduce emissions?

Embrace sustainable hiking and camping practices to slash your carbon footprint:

1. Minimize your gear: Pack light. Every ounce counts, reducing fuel needed for transport. Opt for durable, repairable equipment over disposable items.

2. Choose eco-friendly transportation: Prioritize walking, cycling, or public transport to reach trailheads. If driving is unavoidable, carpool or utilize fuel-efficient vehicles. Consider carbon offsetting for unavoidable emissions.

3. Leave no trace: Properly dispose of waste – pack out everything you pack in. Minimize campfire impact; use lightweight stoves instead whenever possible. Respect wildlife and natural habitats to preserve their carbon-sequestering abilities.

What sustainable methods of transport exist in London?

London’s surprisingly robust public transport system offers some genuinely sustainable travel options. The extensive bus network, boasting nearly 9,000 vehicles, is a standout example. I’ve personally witnessed the transition to a completely low or zero-emission fleet – a remarkable achievement. This makes hopping on a bus a fantastic eco-friendly way to explore the city, connecting you seamlessly to iconic landmarks and hidden gems.

Beyond the buses, consider these sustainable alternatives:

The Tube (London Underground): While not entirely emission-free, the Tube’s extensive network significantly reduces individual car journeys, contributing to a lower overall carbon footprint. It’s incredibly efficient for traversing the city.
Walking and Cycling: London is increasingly cycle-friendly, with dedicated cycle lanes and Santander Cycles (Boris Bikes) readily available for short journeys. Walking offers a truly immersive experience, allowing you to discover hidden alleys and charming squares often missed by other forms of transport. Consider using a cycling app to plan efficient routes.
River Buses: A scenic and surprisingly efficient way to get around certain parts of the city, offering a unique perspective. The Thames Clipper service connects numerous key locations.
Overground Trains: A quieter and often more scenic alternative to the Underground for reaching outer zones and connecting boroughs.

Pro-Tip: Utilize the Citymapper app for real-time travel information and optimized routes, considering all these sustainable options.

Remember to factor in:

Time: Sustainable travel options can sometimes take slightly longer than private cars.
Cost: While often cheaper than taxis, consider the cost of Oyster cards or contactless payment for buses and trains.

How can we reduce congestion in London?

To tackle London’s congestion, we need a serious boost to sustainable transport. Forget endless traffic jams – let’s explore solutions that get us moving and exploring!

Better Public Transport: This isn’t just about more buses and trains; it’s about making them truly efficient and appealing. Imagine seamless connections, frequent services extending into the late hours, and affordable fares. Think integrated ticketing systems that work effortlessly across all modes. The goal is to make public transport the *obvious* choice.

Improved cycling infrastructure: Dedicated, safe cycle routes across the city are key. Imagine a network of protected cycle highways, allowing for safe and fast commutes. This will encourage cycling not just as a commute, but as a pleasure activity, allowing people to explore the city at their own pace.
Enhanced walking routes: Well-maintained pavements, pedestrianized zones, and clear signage can encourage walking, particularly for shorter journeys. Think of vibrant, pedestrian-friendly streets, with interesting shops and green spaces along the way. A pleasant walk is a win-win.

Disincentivising Car Use: We need to make driving less attractive, particularly for unnecessary journeys. This isn’t about punishing drivers; it’s about promoting healthier, more sustainable alternatives. Think of:

Congestion charging: This needs to be implemented strategically to target peak-hour traffic in congested areas, making people think twice about driving into the city centre.
Ultra Low Emission Zones (ULEZ) expansion: This pushes for cleaner vehicles and reduces air pollution, leading to healthier living and less environmentally damaging travel.
Parking restrictions: Making parking more expensive and less available in central areas encourages alternative options.

Active Travel Integration: The key is to seamlessly connect all modes of transport. Imagine easily accessible bike docking stations near train stations, clear walking routes connecting bus stops, and integrated journey planning apps that incorporate all options. This creates a genuinely attractive alternative to car use, making London a vibrant and accessible city for everyone.

How can we reduce pollution in London?

London’s air quality is a complex issue, but individual actions can make a difference. Consider your route: avoiding main roads and opting for quieter back streets significantly reduces exposure to vehicle exhaust fumes. Many apps now map pollution levels in real time, allowing you to plan cleaner routes for cycling or walking, whether you’re exploring hidden gems in Notting Hill or enjoying a stroll along the Thames Path.

Breathing techniques matter. Intense exercise increases your breathing rate, maximizing pollutant intake. Adapt your workout intensity; a brisk walk is healthier than a sprint in heavily polluted areas. Consider exercising earlier in the morning, before traffic peaks. This is especially important near heavily trafficked areas like Oxford Street or the A40.

Beyond personal choices:

Support public transport. London’s Tube, buses, and Overground offer efficient alternatives to private vehicles. Cycling infrastructure is also steadily improving.
Advocate for change. Lobby your local council and members of parliament to prioritize air quality improvements, such as expanding green spaces and promoting electric vehicles.

Remember, London’s air quality varies significantly by location and time of day. Being mindful of your environment and adjusting your behaviour accordingly can make a tangible difference to your health and the city’s overall well-being.

How is London making transport more sustainable?

London’s commitment to sustainable transport is most evident in its extensive bus network. This isn’t just your average bus system; it’s a global leader in eco-friendly public transit. With nearly 9,000 buses, it boasts one of the world’s largest fleets, and a remarkable feat: 100% of its buses are now low or zero-emission vehicles. This means significantly reduced carbon emissions compared to traditional diesel buses. This transition, while impressive, is part of a larger strategy.

Beyond the sheer scale of the electric bus fleet, London is actively pursuing several other initiatives:

Expanding the cycle network: London’s cycling infrastructure is constantly evolving, with dedicated cycle superhighways and protected bike lanes making cycling a safer and more appealing alternative to car travel. I’ve seen similar initiatives in cities like Amsterdam and Copenhagen, but London’s scale is impressive.
Investing in the Underground’s modernization: The London Underground, while not entirely emission-free, is constantly undergoing upgrades to improve energy efficiency and reduce its environmental impact. This includes new signaling systems and train models.
Promoting walking: Pedestrianization schemes in central London and the expansion of green spaces are encouraging walking as a primary mode of transport, particularly for shorter distances. This is a common feature in many European capitals, but it’s noticeable the difference London is making here too.
Congestion charging: This policy directly discourages driving in central London, encouraging the use of public transport or alternative methods.

While the transition to a completely sustainable transport system is an ongoing process, London’s ambitious approach, particularly its all-electric bus fleet, sets a strong example for other major global cities. It’s a significant step towards cleaner air and a greener future. The sheer scale of the electric bus rollout alone is a testament to their commitment. Observing transport systems worldwide, London’s approach is definitely one of the most proactive and effective ones I’ve encountered.

What is the easiest and cheapest way to reduce CO2 emissions?

Cutting your carbon footprint doesn’t require a complete lifestyle overhaul; small, consistent changes add up significantly. Think of it as sustainable travel, applied to your everyday life.

10 Simple Steps to Lower Your CO2 Emissions:

Ditch the plastic water bottles: This is a no-brainer. Reusable bottles are readily available everywhere, even in the most remote corners of the world I’ve visited. Invest in a good quality one—it’s a travel essential anyway.
Embrace active transport: Walking or cycling short distances not only reduces emissions, it’s also a fantastic way to explore your surroundings, just like I do when I’m researching a new destination. You’ll discover hidden gems and get some exercise!
Power down: Switching off lights and unplugging electronics when not in use is crucial. This is something I’m meticulous about, even in hotels – it’s a habit formed from years of backpacking and being mindful of resources.
Maintain your vehicle: Properly inflated tires and regular tune-ups improve fuel efficiency dramatically, saving you money and lowering emissions. This is especially important for longer road trips, a significant part of my work.
Choose sustainable products: Opt for products with minimal packaging and from companies committed to environmental responsibility. This applies to everything from toiletries to souvenirs I collect on my travels.
Eat less meat: Animal agriculture is a major contributor to greenhouse gases. Reducing your meat consumption, even slightly, makes a difference. I’ve learned to appreciate diverse cuisines and vegetarian options throughout my travels.
Reduce, reuse, recycle: The classic mantra remains relevant. Think before you buy and strive to minimize waste. This is vital, whether you’re exploring bustling cities or remote wilderness areas.
Fly less: Air travel is a significant source of CO2. Consider alternative transportation like trains or buses for shorter distances whenever feasible. I try to offset my carbon footprint from flights through reputable programs.
Support eco-friendly businesses: Patronize companies that prioritize sustainability and ethical practices. It’s easier than you think; look for certifications and eco-labels.
Spread the word: Educate others about the impact of their choices and inspire them to make changes. Sharing your knowledge is a powerful tool for collective action.

These changes might seem small individually, but collectively, they significantly contribute to a healthier planet – a planet we all want to explore and enjoy for years to come.

What are the three main categories that will reduce emissions from the transportation sector?

Decarbonizing the transportation sector, a global challenge I’ve witnessed firsthand across countless countries, hinges on three interconnected strategies:

Technological Leap: Boosting vehicle efficiency is paramount. This isn’t just about electric vehicles (EVs), though their rapid global adoption is remarkable, particularly in Scandinavian countries and parts of China where charging infrastructure is robust. It also encompasses advancements in internal combustion engine (ICE) technology, including hybrid systems and improved fuel economy standards. I’ve seen incredible innovations in lightweight materials and aerodynamic designs, dramatically improving fuel efficiency even in traditional vehicles. Think of the fuel-sipping buses in Europe, a stark contrast to some of the less efficient models I’ve encountered elsewhere.
Transforming Travel Patterns: Shifting how we move people and goods is equally critical. This involves a multifaceted approach. Promoting public transport – from the sleek metro systems of Tokyo to the extensive bus networks in many European cities – is essential. Encouraging cycling and walking, particularly in urban areas, is another proven method, evident in the cycle-friendly infrastructure of Amsterdam or Copenhagen. Last-mile delivery solutions using e-bikes and cargo bikes are gaining traction worldwide, improving urban air quality. Smart logistics and optimized routes for freight transport, like those I observed being implemented in Germany, can substantially reduce emissions.
Fuel Transition: The type of fuel powering our vehicles is a major factor. While the shift to electric vehicles is accelerating, we also need to explore sustainable biofuels, hydrogen, and other low-carbon alternatives. The widespread adoption of biofuels in Brazil, derived from sugarcane, demonstrates the potential of these solutions. The ongoing research and development in hydrogen fuel cells show a promising path towards emission-free transportation.

Crucially, success requires a synergistic approach, combining all three strategies. No single solution suffices. The global effort needs a balanced strategy, adapting to regional specificities. Only then can we achieve meaningful reductions in transportation sector GHG emissions.

How did London tackle air pollution?

London’s fight against air pollution showcases a bold, multi-pronged approach rarely seen on this scale globally. The city’s strategy isn’t simply about imposing restrictions; it’s about a comprehensive overhaul of transportation and urban planning. Central to this is the groundbreaking Ultra Low Emission Zone (ULEZ).

World-Leading ULEZ Expansion: Launched in 2019 as the world’s first 24-hour ULEZ, its 2025 expansion to encompass the entire city created the world’s largest clean air zone of its kind. This isn’t just symbolic; a remarkable 95% of vehicles in London now meet the stringent ULEZ emission standards – a testament to the program’s effectiveness.

Beyond the ULEZ: A Holistic Strategy: The success of the ULEZ is underpinned by complementary initiatives. These include:

Significant Financial Investment: £271 million (and counting) has been allocated to support the transition, including grants for vehicle upgrades and public transport improvements. This demonstrates a serious commitment to financial sustainability of the program.
Public Transportation Enhancements: Increased investment in London’s extensive public transport network (buses, tube, and overground) provides viable alternatives to private vehicles, encouraging a shift away from polluting personal transport. This is crucial as many cities struggle to provide attractive alternatives.
Technological Innovation: London has been proactive in encouraging the adoption of electric vehicles and cleaner fuel technologies through incentives and infrastructure development. The city is acting as a test bed for cutting-edge clean transportation solutions.
International Collaboration: London actively shares its learnings and experiences with other global cities grappling with similar challenges. This collaborative approach is vital for accelerating the global transition towards cleaner air.

Lessons for Other Cities: London’s experience offers invaluable lessons for urban centers worldwide. A successful strategy requires not just stringent regulations, but also substantial financial support, robust public transportation, and innovative technological solutions. The scale of London’s success highlights the transformative potential of a truly integrated approach.

Is a bus or train better for the environment?

Choosing between a bus and a train for environmental impact isn’t a simple “one size fits all” answer; it depends heavily on factors like distance, occupancy rates, and the specific infrastructure of the transport system. While replacing car journeys with public transport is undeniably beneficial, the reduction in CO2 emissions varies significantly. Studies show a 42% reduction for bus travel and a remarkable 73% reduction for train travel, on average. I’ve seen firsthand in countless countries how efficient rail networks in places like Japan or Switzerland boast far lower per-passenger emissions than sprawling bus systems in less densely populated regions. The energy efficiency of trains, particularly electric trains, is significantly higher. However, bus systems often serve areas inaccessible by rail, and the environmental advantage can still be substantial compared to individual car trips, especially in densely populated urban centers. The age of the vehicle fleet also plays a critical role; newer, more fuel-efficient buses and trains naturally have a smaller carbon footprint. Ultimately, the “better” choice depends on the specifics of the journey and the overall transportation network.

How can we reduce carbon emissions when traveling?

Forget the rental car; embrace the adventure! Hiking, cycling, and kayaking offer incredible ways to explore, leaving zero carbon footprint. For longer distances, consider trains – they’re often faster than planes and significantly greener. If driving is unavoidable, opt for a small, electric vehicle – maybe even a cool, compact EV designed for off-road adventures. Remember, minimizing luggage reduces fuel consumption, be it on the road or in the air.

Flight shaming is real: Seriously consider the environmental impact before booking. Choose direct flights to cut down on emissions from take-off and landing. Economy class uses less energy per passenger. If you must fly, look for airlines committed to using Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) – it’s a game-changer. Think about the overall trip duration and emissions – sometimes a longer but greener journey is more responsible.

Offsetting emissions: Consider contributing to reputable carbon offsetting projects to further reduce your impact, but remember that this shouldn’t replace actively reducing your emissions in the first place.

Plan ahead: Research eco-friendly accommodations and local transport options at your destination. It all adds up to a more sustainable and, arguably, more rewarding trip.

What is sustainable transport in the UK?

Sustainable transport in the UK is about embracing adventure and minimizing your environmental footprint! Ditch the car for shorter journeys – explore your local area on foot or by bike; it’s a fantastic way to discover hidden gems and get some exercise. Think of it as a mini-adventure every time you leave the house!

Beyond walking and cycling:

Public transport exploration: Utilize the extensive bus and train networks. Many UK towns and cities boast scenic routes, offering a chance to observe the landscape and local life from a different perspective. Consider a day trip to a nearby national park using the train for a truly immersive experience.
Embrace car sharing: Traveling with others cuts emissions significantly. Think of it as a collaborative adventure, sharing the journey and the cost. Websites and apps make finding carpool buddies easy!

Boosting your sustainable journey:

Plan your route: Opt for routes with dedicated cycle paths or well-lit walkways for enhanced safety and enjoyment.
Pack smart: A lightweight backpack allows for easy travel, whether walking, cycling or using public transport. This minimizes the need for extra journeys.
Explore alternative modes: Consider canals and waterways. Many UK cities boast excellent canal networks perfect for leisurely boat trips, offering a unique perspective of urban landscapes.

How can London be more sustainable?

London, a city I’ve explored extensively, can significantly boost its sustainability profile. One key area is resource management. Reuse initiatives, beyond the typical recycling programs, are crucial. Think repair cafes, clothing swaps, and community tool libraries – all fantastic ways Londoners can save money and reduce waste. I’ve seen firsthand how impactful these initiatives are in other European capitals, significantly decreasing landfill burden.

Shifting away from car dependency is another critical step. Encouraging walking and cycling, while improving cycling infrastructure and pedestrian areas, is essential. This isn’t just about reducing carbon dioxide emissions; it drastically improves air quality – something noticeable in cities like Amsterdam, where cycling is deeply ingrained. The reduction in traffic noise alone contributes significantly to a more pleasant urban environment. I’ve personally experienced the calmer atmosphere in cities with prioritised cycling lanes.

Sustainable drainage systems (SuDS) are often overlooked. These innovative systems manage rainwater runoff more effectively, mitigating the risk of flooding – a serious issue for many parts of London. SuDS also improve water quality, creating healthier waterways and reducing the strain on the city’s drainage infrastructure. The implementation I witnessed in Copenhagen was particularly impressive.

Finally, the strategic planting of trees is vital. Trees provide much-needed shade, especially in densely populated areas, helping to combat the urban heat island effect. They improve air quality and contribute to a greener, more aesthetically pleasing city. The impact of urban forestry, as seen in cities like Melbourne, should not be underestimated.

How can we reduce air pollution in London?

London’s air quality is a pressing concern, impacting not only residents’ health but also the city’s vibrant tourism scene. While tackling this requires systemic change, individual actions are surprisingly impactful. Reducing your carbon footprint begins at home. Switching to energy-efficient appliances, properly insulating your property, and consciously reducing energy consumption during peak hours are all impactful steps. Think smart thermostats and LED lighting.

Transportation is key. London’s public transport, while excellent, still contributes to emissions. Opt for walking, cycling, or using the Tube whenever feasible. For longer journeys, consider the increasingly popular electric scooters (check regulations first!) or carpooling. If driving is unavoidable, choosing a fuel-efficient vehicle or opting for electric or hybrid models significantly minimizes your contribution to air pollution. Remember, even small changes in commute choices collectively translate into a big difference across the city.

Beyond personal choices, awareness is crucial. The Healthy Air campaign’s work in policy advocacy and public education is vital. However, informed tourism also plays a role. Many tourists are unaware of the impact their choices have.

Choose sustainable accommodation: Look for hotels committed to green initiatives.
Support eco-friendly businesses: Patronize restaurants and shops that prioritize sustainability.
Explore London responsibly: Opt for walking tours, cycling tours or using public transport to experience the city in an environmentally conscious way.

By actively participating in reducing our carbon footprint, both as residents and visitors, we can all contribute to cleaner, healthier air in London, ensuring its enduring appeal for generations to come. London’s iconic landmarks will remain stunning and the air, breathable. The collective impact of individual actions, combined with policy changes, is the path to a healthier and more sustainable future for London’s environment and its people.

How can we avoid low emission zone in London?

Forget the ULEZ charge altogether! Swap your car for a lightweight, fuel-efficient motorbike or scooter – many new models meet Euro 3 standards, avoiding the congestion charge. This opens up London’s amazing cycle paths, allowing you to explore hidden gems and enjoy a fantastic workout while getting around. Think of it as pre-hike cardio! Plenty of great routes exist, combining urban exploration with access to stunning green spaces like Richmond Park.

Alternatively, ditch the car entirely and embrace active travel. London’s extensive public transport network, combined with walking and cycling, is surprisingly efficient. Consider using the ‘Boris Bikes’ for quick journeys, or explore on foot – discovering hidden alleys and markets you’d never see from a car. This allows you to truly experience the city’s energy and character. Weekend trips out of town can be easily planned using London’s extensive train network; jump on a train to explore hiking trails in the Surrey Hills or the Chiltern Hills for a truly invigorating experience.

Another option is joining a car club. This provides access to a vehicle only when needed, reducing your carbon footprint and associated costs. Combine car club use with cycling or public transport for a balanced approach to city exploration, maximizing your time and minimizing your environmental impact. Remember to plan your routes in advance, utilizing apps and maps which factor in elevation changes for optimal hiking opportunities.

What type of transport is used in London?

London’s transport network is a marvel of interwoven systems, a true testament to its vibrant history and modern dynamism. Beyond the iconic red double-decker buses, the city boasts an extensive and efficient Underground (the “Tube”), a rapid transit system navigating its labyrinthine streets with remarkable speed. The Overground, a network of above-ground commuter rail lines, complements the Tube, providing access to outer boroughs and neighbouring towns. For a more leisurely pace, consider exploring London’s cycle superhighways – dedicated routes perfect for navigating the city on two wheels, though be prepared for the occasional chaotic intersection! Of course, the ubiquitous black cabs, iconic symbols themselves, offer a classic London experience, though potentially a pricier one. Don’t underestimate the walkability of many central areas; you’ll discover hidden gems and charming alleyways by simply strolling along the Thames or exploring the Royal Parks. And for those venturing outside the immediate city centre, consider using the extensive bus network – they’re surprisingly swift and offer a panoramic view of the city. Finally, remember to obtain an Oyster card or use contactless payment for seamless travel across the majority of public transport.

How is London trying to reduce the amount of waste?

London’s waste reduction efforts are ambitious, mirroring a global trend towards sustainable city management. The Mayor’s Office has set aggressive targets: a 50% per capita reduction in food waste and a 65% overall recycling rate by 2030. Reaching a 50% recycling rate by 2025 is a significant interim goal.

Innovative strategies are being employed to achieve these targets. These include:

Expanded recycling programs: London is constantly upgrading its sorting facilities and expanding its curbside collection to include a wider range of recyclable materials, often influenced by successful programs in other European capitals like Amsterdam and Copenhagen.
Food waste reduction initiatives: Public awareness campaigns, coupled with support for community composting projects and initiatives targeting food businesses, are crucial components of the strategy. This mirrors the focus on food waste seen in other global cities like San Francisco, known for its pioneering composting programs.
Investment in waste-to-energy plants: Non-recyclable waste is increasingly being used to generate energy, a common approach in many densely populated urban environments worldwide, minimizing landfill reliance. This represents a shift away from traditional landfill practices seen in other, less developed metropolitan areas.

Challenges remain, however. The sheer scale of London’s population and the diversity of its waste streams present logistical hurdles. Successfully navigating these challenges will require sustained investment, innovative technology, and ongoing public engagement. The success of London’s initiatives will be closely watched by other major cities grappling with similar environmental concerns.

Beyond the numbers: While targets are crucial, observing on-the-ground realities—from the efficiency of waste collection services in different boroughs to the engagement of local communities in recycling schemes— provides a richer understanding of London’s progress. Comparing these observations with global best practices is key to ongoing improvement.