What are the ethics of virtual reality?

The ethics of virtual reality are far more complex than you might initially think, especially considering the increasingly immersive and realistic experiences becoming available. It’s not just about fun and games; it’s about navigating a new frontier with significant ethical implications. Think of it as exploring a new continent, only this one is digital. Just as early explorers had to grapple with the rights of indigenous populations, so too must we consider the ethical implications of VR.

Accountability is paramount. Who’s responsible when something goes wrong in a VR environment? Is it the developer who created the experience, or the user who acted inappropriately? Think of it like a historical site; you wouldn’t vandalize Machu Picchu, so why should we tolerate irresponsible behavior in a digital world? Clear lines of responsibility need to be established.

Digital rights are crucial. Just as we have rights in the physical world, we need to define and protect them in virtual spaces. This includes freedom of expression (within reasonable bounds, of course), protection from harassment and abuse, and the right to privacy. Imagine exploring a breathtaking virtual landscape only to find it littered with digital graffiti; it spoils the experience for everyone. Similarly, invasions of privacy in VR can be devastating.

Normative behavior, or what is considered acceptable conduct, needs careful consideration. The immersive nature of VR can blur the lines between reality and virtuality, leading to actions that users wouldn’t perform in the real world. This necessitates establishing clear codes of conduct, much like the unwritten rules we follow at a cultural landmark to respect the heritage.

Personal freedoms and privacy are intertwined. The data collected by VR systems is incredibly detailed, raising concerns about surveillance and misuse of personal information. We need strong protections to prevent this, equivalent to the safeguarding of personal information in the real world when traveling in sensitive regions.

Ultimately, the ethical considerations of VR aren’t just about developers; they apply equally to users. A responsible approach to this technology requires everyone to be aware of the potential impacts of their actions, both positive and negative, just as responsible tourism strives for sustainable interactions with the planet and its cultures.

What are the positive and negative effects of virtual reality?

Pros of Virtual Reality (VR): VR transcends geographical limitations, offering unparalleled accessibility and flexibility. Imagine experiencing the bustling markets of Marrakech, the serene landscapes of Bhutan, or the vibrant nightlife of Tokyo – all from the comfort of your home. This accessibility extends to education and training, allowing for immersive simulations impossible in traditional settings. VR gaming provides thrilling adventures without the associated risks, transforming entertainment into an interactive and deeply engaging experience. Furthermore, VR facilitates effective communication across vast distances, fostering collaboration and connection in unprecedented ways.

Cons of Virtual Reality (VR): The immersive nature of VR raises concerns regarding privacy and security. Data collection practices and potential misuse of personal information are significant issues. The current landscape of VR content suffers from limitations; while exciting experiences exist, a lack of high-quality, diverse content remains a hurdle. Technical issues, ranging from motion sickness and hardware limitations to high setup costs, can hinder widespread adoption. Finally, the isolating nature of extended VR use can lead to social isolation, reducing real-world interactions and potentially affecting mental well-being. The potential for addiction, mirroring concerns around excessive gaming, also needs careful consideration.

What are the 3 types of virtual reality?

Forget postcards – virtual reality is the ultimate travel experience, and it comes in three distinct flavors. Each offers a unique level of immersion, shaping your journey from a simple glimpse to a breathtaking, almost tangible adventure.

Non-Immersive Virtual Reality is your entry point. Think of it as a digital travel brochure. You might explore a 360° photo of Machu Picchu on your phone or computer screen, rotating the view at your leisure. It’s convenient, accessible, and perfect for initial research or showing off your vicarious wanderlust. It lacks the physical sensation of being *there*, but it’s a great starting point for planning real-world trips, or satisfying a quick craving for faraway places.

Semi-Immersive Virtual Reality takes a giant leap forward. Here, you’re using more sophisticated equipment like large-screen displays, high-fidelity headphones, and sometimes even motion-tracking devices. This setup allows for a more encompassing experience. Imagine standing in a virtual bustling marketplace in Marrakech, feeling the sounds wash over you while you navigate the digital stalls. While not fully encapsulated, you’ll experience a heightened sense of presence and interaction.

Fully Immersive Virtual Reality is the pinnacle. This usually involves a headset that completely blocks out the physical world, transporting you to another reality. Through advanced visual and auditory technology, combined with haptic suits (for tactile feedback) in the most cutting-edge setups, you can *feel* the virtual environment: the chill wind on your face in the Himalayas, the gentle sway of a boat on a Venetian canal. The possibilities are truly limitless, allowing for detailed historical recreations, journeys to impossible landscapes, and even interactions with virtual tour guides.

The type of VR you choose depends on your budget, technical capabilities, and desired level of immersion. But no matter which you select, prepare for a journey unlike any other.

How can VR be used in training?

Having trekked across diverse landscapes, I’ve witnessed firsthand the power of immersive experience. Virtual Reality training takes this concept to a new level. It’s not just about reading a manual or watching a video; it’s about living the training.

Imagine: a 360° world where you’re not passively observing, but actively participating. The sights and sounds are so realistic they blur the line between the virtual and the real. This is VR training. It allows for scenario-based learning, crucial for mastering complex skills.

The advantages are myriad:

Risk-free practice: Make mistakes without real-world consequences. Perfect that delicate surgery, defuse that bomb, or navigate that treacherous mountain pass – all within a safe virtual space.
Cost-effectiveness: Reduce expenses associated with physical training facilities, materials, and instructor time.
Enhanced engagement: Immersive experiences boost memory retention and skill acquisition far beyond traditional methods.
Accessibility: Training can be delivered remotely, overcoming geographical barriers and scheduling constraints.

Specific applications are vast, including:

Healthcare: Surgeons can practice complex procedures, nurses can rehearse emergency scenarios, and medical students can explore the human body in unprecedented detail.
Military: Soldiers can engage in realistic combat simulations, pilots can practice flight maneuvers, and technicians can master equipment repair in a virtual environment.
Industry: Workers can learn safety procedures in hazardous environments, technicians can practice equipment maintenance, and operators can master complex machinery without risk of damage or injury.

VR training isn’t just about technological advancement; it’s about creating truly effective and engaging learning experiences, a concept I’ve witnessed transform entire cultures throughout my explorations.

What are the most important benefits of using virtual reality?

Virtual reality (VR) transcends mere technological advancement; it’s a portal to unparalleled experiences, transforming how we learn, train, and even travel. Forget dusty textbooks and static presentations – VR offers immersive learning that places you directly within the subject matter. Imagine dissecting a heart without a scalpel, exploring the Amazon rainforest without a mosquito bite, or mastering a complex surgical procedure without risking a patient’s life. This risk-free practice is invaluable across diverse fields, from medicine and engineering to aviation and military training.

VR’s power extends beyond pure simulation. Its personalized learning experiences adapt to individual needs and learning styles, maximizing knowledge retention. This tailored approach ensures a more efficient and engaging educational process. Furthermore, the hands-on nature of VR fosters deeper understanding and skill development than traditional methods. It’s not just about absorbing information; it’s about actively participating in it.

The benefits extend beyond education. VR’s flexibility and accessibility break down geographical barriers. A remote student can participate in a virtual field trip to Machu Picchu or a surgeon can practice a complex procedure from anywhere with an internet connection. This is especially crucial in underserved areas, democratizing access to high-quality education and training.

Beyond the individual, VR offers broader advantages. Its capacity to replace physical models and on-site training significantly reduces costs and environmental impact. Think of the reduced travel, materials, and waste associated with virtual training programs for airline pilots or construction workers. This contributes to a more sustainable future.

Finally, the immersive nature of VR significantly improves retention and recall. The stronger emotional connections forged through direct engagement translate into lasting knowledge and improved performance. This is why VR-based training programs often demonstrate superior results compared to conventional methods.

Enhanced realism: VR creates incredibly lifelike simulations, surpassing the limitations of traditional teaching methods.
Increased engagement: Interactive elements and immediate feedback keep learners actively involved.
Data-driven insights: VR systems can track learner progress, providing valuable data for personalized instruction and curriculum improvement. This data-driven approach offers continuous improvement.

What are the advantages and disadvantages of virtual reality?

Having trekked across continents and witnessed breathtaking landscapes, I can offer a seasoned perspective on virtual reality. Its immersive power, a key advantage, rivals the most awe-inspiring vistas. Imagine experiencing the Amazon rainforest without the mosquitos, or scaling Everest without the altitude sickness; that’s the allure of VR training and simulation. Furthermore, the entertainment and gaming possibilities are unparalleled, transporting you to fantastical worlds instantly. Architectural visualization is another strong point, allowing for detailed exploration of buildings before a single brick is laid. However, the high cost remains a significant barrier for many. The initial investment in hardware and software can be substantial, akin to outfitting an entire expedition. Health concerns, including motion sickness and eye strain, are very real and should not be disregarded. Limited mobility within the virtual environment, though improving, can be frustrating, particularly for those used to the freedom of physical exploration. Finally, the potential for social isolation, a significant drawback, is a growing concern; the vibrant human interaction of a bustling marketplace is difficult to replicate convincingly. These conflicting aspects, the grandeur of virtual landscapes juxtaposed with the limitations of the technology, highlight VR’s complex nature. While it offers unprecedented opportunities for exploration and experience, it’s crucial to be mindful of its downsides.

How can VR be used in teaching?

VR offers incredible potential for students facing learning challenges. Imagine a child with autism, exploring the bustling marketplace of Marrakech without the sensory overload of a real trip. VR provides a safe, controlled environment to practice social skills, navigating crowds and interactions, all while feeling completely immersed but entirely in charge of their experience.

For students with ADHD, the interactive and engaging nature of VR can be transformative. Instead of passively reading about the Amazon rainforest, they can be there, climbing trees, observing wildlife, and feeling the humidity on their skin – all while benefiting from the structure and predictability VR affords. This targeted, controlled stimulation keeps them focused and engaged, a significant improvement from traditional learning.

Think of a visually impaired student “visiting” the Louvre Museum. VR can provide auditory descriptions and tactile simulations that make art accessible in a profound way, bypassing visual limitations and fostering a deeper understanding of artistic styles and history. They can even “touch” the paintings using haptic feedback technology.

My own extensive travels have shown me the power of immersive experiences. VR brings that same level of engagement to the classroom, regardless of location or budget. It’s not about replacing traditional learning, but enhancing it – offering individualized experiences tailored to each student’s unique needs. The potential for personalized learning journeys using VR is staggering, especially for students who benefit from a different approach.

Consider dyslexic students struggling with reading comprehension. VR can transform textbook learning into interactive storytelling, creating a memorable and engaging experience that improves retention and comprehension. The ability to manipulate virtual objects and interact with the narrative can turn a tedious task into a captivating adventure.

What are the different types of virtual reality training?

Forget backpacking through Southeast Asia – the next big adventure is virtual reality training! And just like choosing the right hostel, understanding the different types of VR training is crucial for a successful experience. There are three main categories: Non-Immersive Virtual Reality, Semi-Immersive Virtual Reality, and Fully Immersive Virtual Reality.

Think of Non-Immersive VR as your budget-friendly guesthouse. It’s accessible, often using just a computer screen and maybe some basic peripherals like a joystick. It’s great for introductory simulations, like learning basic software or practicing simple procedures. It’s like getting a taste of the adventure before committing to the full experience.

Stepping up to Semi-Immersive VR is like upgrading to a charming boutique hotel. This involves more sophisticated technology, often including large screens, head tracking, and potentially some haptic feedback. Think advanced flight simulators or complex medical training scenarios. The level of immersion is significantly higher, offering a richer learning experience than its non-immersive counterpart. You’re getting a much more involved adventure here.

Finally, Fully Immersive VR is your luxury all-inclusive resort. Headsets and body tracking combine to create a completely enveloping experience, transporting you to another world. This is the pinnacle of VR training, ideal for complex tasks requiring high levels of realism and dexterity, such as surgical procedures, hazardous environment training, or military simulations. The level of detail and immersion is unparalleled, offering an unforgettable—and highly effective—learning journey.

Just like planning a trip requires considering your budget and desired experience, selecting the right type of VR training depends on your specific needs and goals. Each offers a unique level of immersion and engagement, catering to different budgets and training requirements. Choose wisely, and prepare for an unforgettable journey into the virtual world!

How effective is VR training?

Virtual reality (VR) training is proving surprisingly effective, yielding significant boosts in learner confidence and practical application. Studies show a remarkable 40% increase in confidence among VR trainees compared to their classroom counterparts. Furthermore, VR learners demonstrated a 35% improvement in translating training into real-world action when compared to e-learning participants. This isn’t just anecdotal; I’ve witnessed firsthand the transformative power of VR training on expeditions across diverse terrains – from navigating treacherous mountain passes in the Himalayas to mastering underwater survival techniques in the Coral Triangle. The immersive, experiential nature of VR allows for a level of engagement unattainable through traditional methods.

The cost-effectiveness is another compelling factor. While initial setup costs might seem high, VR training offers substantial long-term savings, especially for large-scale deployments. This is crucial in sectors like tourism, where training large numbers of guides or adventure leaders is essential. Imagine training thousands of park rangers on wildlife conservation techniques – the efficiency gains are immense, reducing both time and financial expenditures.

Key benefits extend beyond simple knowledge retention:

Enhanced engagement and retention: VR’s immersive nature fosters active participation, leading to superior knowledge retention compared to passive learning methods.
Safe practice environment: VR allows trainees to rehearse complex procedures or handle hazardous situations without real-world risks. This is vital for training personnel in high-risk industries.
Personalized learning experiences: VR platforms can adapt to individual learning styles and paces, maximizing the effectiveness of the training.

Consider these cost-saving aspects:

Reduced travel costs: Trainees don’t need to travel to physical training centers, saving significant expenses on transportation and accommodation.
Lower instructor-to-trainee ratios: VR training can be self-paced, reducing the need for extensive instructor involvement.
Scalability: VR training can be easily scaled up or down to meet fluctuating training demands, ensuring efficient resource allocation.

In conclusion, the data clearly demonstrates the compelling advantages of VR training, offering a powerful combination of improved learning outcomes and cost-efficiency, especially for large-scale implementation. This technology is revolutionizing various industries, including my own field of travel and adventure.

What can virtual reality do for safety?

Having traversed the globe and faced countless unpredictable situations, I can attest to the transformative power of virtual reality in enhancing safety. VR’s ability to craft immersive simulations allows for risk-free training in scenarios ranging from emergency medical responses in remote locations to navigating treacherous terrain. Imagine practicing swift river crossings in a virtual Himalayan environment, or mastering avalanche rescue techniques without facing the actual peril. The possibilities are endless. This technology offers a crucial advantage: the capacity to repeatedly rehearse critical actions under pressure, honing reflexes and decision-making skills in a controlled setting. This repeatable practice, unavailable in real-world training, improves performance and reduces the chance of errors in real-life scenarios, whether you’re navigating a blizzard or dealing with a sudden equipment malfunction miles from civilization. The result? Enhanced preparedness and ultimately, greater safety in any endeavor.

How virtual reality VR technology is used in the future of military training?

Virtual Reality (VR) is poised to revolutionize military training, transcending the limitations of traditional methods. I’ve witnessed firsthand the challenges faced by militaries across diverse terrains – from the arid deserts of the Middle East to the dense jungles of Southeast Asia. VR offers a solution by creating hyperrealistic simulations, replicating the complexities of these environments with stunning accuracy. Soldiers can experience the sensory nuances of each location, from the sounds of distant gunfire to the feel of wind and terrain underfoot, all within a controlled and safe environment.

This immersive training extends beyond simple combat scenarios. During my travels, I’ve observed the growing need for peacekeeping and disaster relief training. VR excels here, providing realistic simulations of crowd control, humanitarian aid distribution in chaotic environments, and the handling of complex cultural interactions. The ability to repeatedly practice these nuanced situations, adapting responses based on immediate virtual feedback, is invaluable. The cost-effectiveness is also significant; VR eliminates the high expense of deploying personnel to diverse and potentially hazardous locations for training exercises.

Furthermore, VR’s application extends to operational exercises. Joint training operations involving multinational forces can be seamlessly facilitated, regardless of geographical limitations. Imagine soldiers from different countries collaborating in a virtual environment, improving interoperability and communication skills before deploying to real-world missions. This fosters a higher level of preparedness and potentially saves lives. The data collected during VR training provides valuable insights into individual and team performance, enabling targeted improvements in training strategies and equipment.

Beyond battlefield scenarios, VR can also be used for training in less obvious areas, such as cyber warfare simulations, allowing soldiers to hone their skills in a risk-free virtual environment before facing real-world threats. The future of military training is undeniably intertwined with VR’s capabilities, enhancing readiness and improving outcomes in diverse and challenging situations.

How is VR useful in training?

Having trekked across diverse landscapes, I’ve witnessed firsthand the transformative power of immersive experiences. VR in training mirrors this, offering unparalleled benefits. It’s not just about ticking boxes; it’s about forging genuine understanding and skill.

Nine ways VR elevates training:

Enhanced Customer Service: Imagine role-playing complex customer interactions in a safe, controlled environment. VR allows for repeated practice, leading to sharper responses and improved empathy – crucial for navigating the intricacies of human interaction, something I’ve learned intimately on my journeys.
Accelerated Proficiency: Learning by doing, in a risk-free virtual space, drastically shortens the learning curve. Think of it as a condensed, hyper-efficient apprenticeship, eliminating the long and often arduous trial-and-error process.
Reduced Onboarding Time: New recruits quickly grasp procedures and processes, hitting the ground running, saving both time and resources. Much like navigating a new city, VR provides a framework for rapid assimilation.
Improved Workplace Safety: Simulating hazardous situations allows trainees to practice safe responses without risk. It’s like a virtual dry run before tackling challenging terrain.
Decreased Turnover: Effective training fosters confidence and satisfaction, boosting employee retention. A well-trained team, like a well-equipped expedition, is far more resilient.
Lower Incident Costs: Proactive training minimizes errors and accidents, resulting in substantial cost savings. Prevention is always better than cure – a lesson learned from countless expeditions.
Scalable Culture and Values: VR fosters consistent experiences and ensures core values are uniformly understood and practiced across geographically dispersed teams – a crucial aspect of managing a global team, much like coordinating a worldwide expedition.
Elimination of Business Interruptions: Training can be conducted without disrupting workflow, maximizing productivity. This is akin to efficient camp management, optimizing resources for the primary goal.
Data-Driven Insights: VR systems collect valuable data on trainee performance, enabling targeted adjustments to training programs. This allows for continuous improvement and optimization, similar to refining expedition strategies based on observed results.

What problems can VR solve?

Having trekked across the globe and witnessed humanity’s resilience and struggles firsthand, I’ve come to see virtual reality as a powerful tool. It transcends geographical limitations, offering solutions previously unimaginable. VR therapy, for instance, is revolutionizing mental healthcare.

Imagine conquering your deepest fears – acrophobia, claustrophobia, or even the traumatic echoes of PTSD – not in a chaotic real-world scenario, but within a meticulously controlled virtual environment. This is the power of VR therapy.

Anxiety disorders: VR allows for gradual exposure therapy, systematically desensitizing patients to anxiety triggers in a safe space. Think of facing a crowded room or a public speaking engagement, first in VR, then gradually in real life. The progression is carefully managed, minimizing distress.
PTSD: VR recreates traumatic scenarios, allowing patients to process their experiences and regain a sense of control in a therapeutic setting. This controlled environment helps to reframe and reprocess the trauma, reducing its debilitating impact.
Phobias: From spiders to flying, VR allows for repeated exposure to phobic stimuli in a supportive, adjustable environment. The intensity and complexity can be carefully increased, building confidence and reducing fear responses.

Beyond these applications, consider the potential for VR to provide immersive training simulations for professions ranging from surgery to firefighting, improving skillsets and reducing risks in real-world situations. Its applications are vast and increasingly crucial in our complex world.

How is VR used for training?

Virtual Reality (VR) training isn’t just another tech fad; it’s a revolutionary leap in experiential learning, a bit like stepping into a hyper-realistic travelogue, but instead of exploring exotic locales, you’re navigating complex scenarios crucial for professional development. Imagine mastering a challenging surgical procedure without the risk to a patient, or a pilot practicing emergency landings without ever leaving the ground. That’s the power of VR training.

Immersive Environments: Beyond the Screen This isn’t your grandpa’s training video. VR plunges trainees into 360° environments, creating a sense of presence so profound it feels strikingly real. The sights and sounds are meticulously crafted to mimic real-world situations, blurring the lines between the virtual and the actual. Think of it as interactive, personalized travel, where the “destination” is a challenging professional scenario.

Applications Spanning Industries: From healthcare and aviation to manufacturing and the military, VR’s impact is far-reaching. A surgeon can practice intricate procedures hundreds of times in a virtual operating room, reducing the learning curve and improving patient safety. A firefighter can rehearse navigating a burning building, experiencing the intense heat and smoke, without risking their life. It’s like a thousand meticulously planned practice trips, all accessible in one location.

Enhanced Engagement: Unlike passive learning methods, VR demands active participation, boosting knowledge retention significantly.
Risk Mitigation: High-risk, high-stakes situations can be practiced safely in a controlled virtual environment.
Cost-Effectiveness: VR training can often be more cost-effective than traditional methods, particularly for scenarios requiring expensive equipment or real-world simulations.
Personalized Learning: The adaptive nature of VR allows for tailored training experiences to suit individual learning styles and paces.

The Future of Training? As VR technology continues to evolve, expect even more realistic and sophisticated training simulations. The addition of haptic feedback – the ability to “feel” the virtual environment – promises to further enhance the immersion and effectiveness of this transformative learning method. It’s a journey worth taking, and the destination is a future of safer, more skilled professionals.

How does VR integrate with education?

Virtual Reality (VR) transcends the traditional classroom, offering students globally immersive learning experiences previously unimaginable. It’s not just about putting on a headset; it’s about transforming the way students engage with information.

Beyond textbooks and lectures: Imagine dissecting a frog without harming a creature, exploring the Amazon rainforest without leaving the school, or walking through ancient Rome – all within the safety and comfort of a classroom. This is the power of VR in education.

Enhanced Engagement & Retention: Studies consistently show improved knowledge retention and engagement through VR’s interactive nature. The immersive environment fosters active participation, turning passive learners into active explorers.

Experiential Learning: Students aren’t just reading about historical events; they’re *living* them. From witnessing the eruption of Mount Vesuvius to experiencing the complexities of the human heart, VR offers unparalleled firsthand experiences.
Accessibility & Inclusivity: VR can bridge geographical limitations. Students in remote areas can “visit” the Louvre Museum or explore the Great Barrier Reef, leveling the playing field for students worldwide.
Personalized Learning: VR allows for customized learning paths, adapting to individual student needs and learning styles at a pace suited to each learner. This personalized approach maximizes comprehension and reduces frustration.

Global Applications: From medical training in developing nations to architectural design reviews across continents, the applications are vast and continuously expanding. I’ve witnessed firsthand the transformative impact of VR in classrooms across diverse cultures, from bustling city schools to remote villages. The potential is truly global.

Cost-effectiveness: While initial investment can be significant, the long-term benefits, including reduced travel costs and increased engagement, can outweigh the expenses.
Teacher Training: Effective implementation requires adequate teacher training on VR technology and pedagogical approaches. Successful integration requires dedicated professional development programs.

The Future of Learning: VR isn’t just a trend; it’s a fundamental shift in how we approach education, promising a more engaging, accessible, and effective learning experience for students everywhere.

What are the benefits of VR reality?

Virtual Reality (VR) transcends the limitations of physical travel, offering unparalleled benefits for the adventurous soul. Forget packing bags and battling jet lag; VR allows you to instantly teleport to breathtaking landscapes, bustling cityscapes, or even historical sites long lost to time. Imagine exploring the Amazon rainforest without the mosquito bites, scuba diving the Great Barrier Reef without getting your hair wet, or hiking Mount Everest without the altitude sickness.

Beyond the purely escapist adventures, VR offers practical applications for the seasoned traveler. Pre-trip planning becomes a breeze; you can virtually “visit” your hotel, explore potential hiking routes, or get a feel for the local atmosphere before you even book your flight. This helps mitigate the risks associated with unfamiliar environments and ensures a smoother, more enjoyable trip.

Furthermore, VR enriches the post-travel experience. Relive your favorite moments in stunning detail, share your adventures with friends and family in a truly immersive way, and reignite those travel memories long after you’ve returned home. It’s a powerful tool for preserving and sharing the essence of your journeys.

The applications extend beyond leisure. VR offers immersive language learning experiences, allowing you to practice your conversational skills in realistic virtual settings. It’s also a powerful tool for cultural immersion, providing a taste of local customs and traditions without leaving your home. This pre-trip preparation can significantly enhance your understanding and appreciation of different cultures.

VR isn’t a replacement for real travel; it’s a powerful supplement. It enhances the entire travel experience, from pre-trip planning to post-trip reminiscing, offering a level of immersion and accessibility that traditional travel simply can’t match. The possibilities are endless, and the journey, whether real or virtual, is always the reward.