Fishing limits, or catch limits, are crucial for sustainable fishing. They’re calculated by regional fishery management councils based on the Maximum Sustainable Yield (MSY) – the highest average catch that can be sustainably taken from a stock over time. The Overfishing Limit (OFL) is a key figure; exceeding it risks depleting the fish population, hindering its ability to reproduce and reach MSY. Think of it like this: it’s like setting a responsible harvest for a farm – taking too much will ruin the next year’s crop. These limits are often expressed as total allowable catches (TACs) or quotas for specific species in a given area. Knowing these limits before you fish is essential; you’ll usually find this information on the relevant fishery management council’s website or in local fishing regulations. Check the size and bag limits too; these often vary by species and season to protect younger, breeding fish. Ignoring these limits can result in fines and potentially contribute to the collapse of fish populations, impacting both the environment and the fishing industry.
What are the rules for hand fishing in Kansas?
Kansas handfishing: a unique angling experience demanding both skill and respect for the resource. A special permit, costing $27.50, supplements your standard fishing license – essential paperwork for any self-respecting angler. Remember, this isn’t your typical fishing trip; hooks, snorkeling gear, scuba equipment, and any other man-made aids are strictly forbidden. The only permitted gear is a stringer, and even then, it’s only for post-capture use – the fish must be caught manually and surfaced before a stringer can be deployed.
Key Considerations: Success depends heavily on water clarity and fish behavior. The best times often coincide with early morning or late evening hours when fish are more active and visibility is improved. Familiarize yourself with local regulations, specifically regarding size and bag limits for different species. Different rivers and lakes will present varying challenges and opportunities. The Kansas Department of Wildlife, Parks and Tourism website is a valuable resource for updated regulations, species distribution maps and even tips from seasoned handfishers.
Ethical Handfishing: Remember, handfishing is a sustainable practice when done responsibly. Only target legal-sized fish and always practice catch-and-release if necessary. Respect the environment; avoid disturbing the natural habitat or other wildlife. A true adventurer takes pride in leaving the environment better than they found it.
What are Texas fishing laws?
Texas fishing regulations are surprisingly straightforward, but crucial to understand before casting a line. Anyone fishing in Texas’s public waters – be it the vast inland lakes or the expansive Gulf Coast – needs a valid Texas fishing license. This isn’t just a formality; it directly supports conservation efforts that protect our aquatic resources.
The key is the endorsement: a saltwater endorsement is mandatory for coastal fishing, encompassing bays, estuaries, and the Gulf itself. Think speckled trout, redfish, flounder – you’ll need that saltwater stamp. For inland waters – rivers, lakes, ponds – you’ll require a freshwater endorsement. This covers species like largemouth bass, catfish, and crappie, popular targets across the state’s diverse freshwater ecosystems.
Don’t underestimate the importance of license types. While the standard license covers most common angling methods, specialized licenses might be needed for specific activities, such as bowfishing or commercial fishing. These requirements vary, so checking the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department (TPWD) website is essential before embarking on your Texas fishing adventure. You can purchase licenses online, saving you time and hassle.
Beyond licenses, remember bag limits and size restrictions. These vary wildly depending on the species and location. TPWD provides comprehensive, easily accessible resources detailing these regulations. Familiarize yourself with these limits – it’s vital for responsible fishing and avoiding penalties. Respecting these rules protects fish populations for future generations and ensures the longevity of Texas’s amazing fishing opportunities.
Pro tip: Download the TPWD’s mobile app. It provides real-time access to fishing regulations, maps, and even fish stocking reports. This invaluable tool significantly enhances your fishing experience and helps you stay compliant with all the rules.
What are the rules for bait fish in California?
California’s baitfish rules are pretty straightforward, but crucial for responsible fishing. You’re limited to catching your own bait, and only by hand, a dip net (max 36 inches, excluding handle), or a small trap (max 3 feet).
Key Restrictions:
- No Buying/Selling/Trading: Forget about buying bait – it’s illegal to purchase, barter, sell, transfer, or trade baitfish in California.
- Local Use Only: You can’t transport live baitfish away from where you caught them. This protects local ecosystems.
- Approved Species Only: Check the California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW) website for a current list of approved baitfish species. Knowing what you can and cannot use is essential.
Pro-Tip: Learn to identify approved baitfish species beforehand. This saves time and avoids potential fines. Consider carrying a field guide or utilizing a fish identification app.
Gear Considerations:
- A good quality dip net is lightweight, durable, and has a fine mesh to prevent escape.
- Small minnow traps are effective but require careful placement to avoid snagging.
- Always check your gear’s dimensions to ensure compliance with regulations.
Remember: Responsible bait harvesting helps maintain healthy fish populations. Respecting these rules ensures sustainable fishing for everyone.
What percentage of fishing is illegal?
Illegal, unreported, and unregulated (IUU) fishing is a massive, shadowy problem, a silent thief plundering our oceans. It’s not a statistic confined to dusty reports; I’ve witnessed its devastating impact firsthand in countless coastal communities across the globe – from the overfished waters of Southeast Asia to the depleted stocks off the coast of West Africa. One in every five wild-caught fish is estimated to be taken illegally, representing a staggering 10–26 million tons annually. That’s equivalent to 11–19% of the globally reported catch – a figure that likely underestimates the true scale of the crisis due to the inherent difficulty in tracking illicit activities.
The consequences extend far beyond mere numbers. I’ve seen the desperation in the eyes of small-scale fishermen struggling to compete with IUU vessels, their livelihoods decimated by practices that disregard sustainability and local regulations. These illegal operations often employ destructive fishing methods, further damaging fragile marine ecosystems and threatening biodiversity. The economic impact is equally devastating, robbing nations of vital revenue and hindering sustainable development, especially in developing countries heavily reliant on fishing.
Furthermore, the lack of traceability in IUU fishing creates a breeding ground for other crimes, including human trafficking and labor exploitation. I’ve encountered evidence of this during my travels, highlighting the grim human cost hidden beneath the surface of this global problem. Combatting IUU fishing requires a multi-faceted approach, incorporating stronger international cooperation, improved monitoring technologies, and robust enforcement mechanisms. Only through concerted global action can we hope to safeguard our oceans and the communities that depend on them.
What is the size limit for fish in Kansas?
Kansas fishing regulations present a nuanced approach to size limits, depending on the species. For instance, anglers targeting White Bass, Yellow Bass, and Striped Bass face a dual restriction: a 15-fish creel limit, with no more than four exceeding 18 inches. This regulation aims to protect larger breeding stock while allowing for a healthy harvest. Similarly, the wiper, a hybrid striped bass, also has a 15-fish creel limit with no more than 4 fish over 18 inches. This is key information for those pursuing these prized game fish. Remember, these size limits are crucial for maintaining healthy populations, particularly in the diverse Kansas river systems.
The regulations differ significantly for other species. Sauger, Saugeye, and Walleye are subject to a 15-inch minimum length limit and a 4-fish creel limit, indicating a focus on protecting younger fish to ensure future generations. This contrasts sharply with the Shovelnose Sturgeon, which has a unique 30-inch maximum length limit with a 10 fish creel limit. This stringent measure underlines the importance of conservation efforts for this species, often targeted by experienced anglers seeking a unique challenge. Understanding these variations is critical to responsible angling and a successful fishing trip in Kansas. Always check for the latest regulations before heading out, as changes can occur.
Note: * indicates there are additional regulations that should be checked directly with the Kansas Department of Wildlife and Parks. Researching specific regulations for your target species and location is essential for a legal and enjoyable fishing experience.
What is considered illegal fishing?
Illegal fishing boils down to ignoring the rules designed to protect fish stocks and their habitats. This means fishing without the necessary license, which often involves paying for it and adhering to specific regulations for certain species – some areas might have catch limits or closed seasons. Think of it like a park pass for the underwater world! Failing to report your catches honestly, or even worse, falsifying your reports, cheats the system and prevents accurate monitoring of fish populations. It’s crucial for sustainable fishing. And finally, keeping undersized fish or those protected by law is a big no-no. These fish are often crucial for breeding, and taking them weakens the overall population. Imagine taking only mature trees from a forest – you’d deplete the resource quickly. Responsible angling means understanding and respecting these regulations; it’s a key part of preserving these amazing resources for future generations of anglers and the overall ecosystem.
How do you know if you can fish somewhere?
Determining fishable locations involves more than a simple online search. While checking fishing forums, local associations, and tourism guides is a good starting point, seasoned anglers know the nuances vary dramatically across the globe.
Beyond the Digital Landscape: Online resources often lack crucial local context. Consider these points:
- Local Knowledge is Key: In many parts of the world, particularly rural areas or less-developed nations, the best fishing spots are only known to locals. Talking to bait shops, tackle stores, and even friendly barkeeps can unearth hidden gems inaccessible via online searches. Don’t underestimate the power of personal interaction.
- Observe the Environment: The presence of other anglers isn’t always a guarantee of good fishing, but an absence can suggest reasons why. Look for signs of fish – bird activity, ripples, etc. – and consider the habitat. A river’s flow, the type of vegetation, even the time of day all play a significant role.
- Respect Private Property: Accessing fishing spots often involves navigating property rights. Always ask permission before fishing on private land; trespassing carries serious consequences, especially in some regions.
Navigating International Waters: International fishing expeditions require extra vigilance:
- Visas and Permits: Beyond fishing licenses, certain countries may require specific permits for accessing fishing areas or even possessing particular types of fishing gear.
- Cultural Sensitivity: Local customs surrounding fishing can be quite different. Researching respectful angling practices specific to the region avoids unintentional offenses.
- Gear Restrictions: Some countries impose strict limitations on the type and quantity of fishing gear permitted. Failure to comply can result in substantial fines or even deportation.
- Environmental Regulations: Be aware of catch limits, size restrictions, and protected species. These vary significantly between countries and even within regions of the same country. Disregarding these rules is not only unethical but often results in heavy penalties.
Always prioritize safety and legal compliance. Thorough research, local interaction, and respect for the environment and local laws are crucial for successful and responsible fishing adventures wherever you travel.
Do fish remember who you are?
The question of whether fish remember their owners is a fascinating one, echoing the broader mystery of fish consciousness. While definitive proof remains elusive, accumulating evidence suggests that certain species possess a surprising level of cognitive ability. My travels have taken me to countless coral reefs and underwater ecosystems, and observing fish behavior firsthand has solidified my belief that their intelligence is often underestimated.
Many fish exhibit complex social structures and individual personalities, suggesting a capacity for learning and recognition. Studies have shown that some fish can distinguish between different human faces, indicating a degree of visual memory. This isn’t simply a Pavlovian response to feeding; it suggests a more nuanced understanding of their environment and the individuals within it. Think about the intricate dances of reef fish – the synchronicity and communication involved hint at a level of awareness beyond simple instinct.
This understanding impacts how we should approach fishkeeping. Creating an enriching aquarium environment isn’t just about aesthetics; it’s about providing appropriate stimulation and social interaction. Choosing compatible tank mates is crucial, minimizing stress and maximizing the potential for natural behaviors. Consider the size of your tank, the water parameters, and the specific needs of the fish species – research is key. Just as you wouldn’t expect a lion to thrive in a shoebox, many fish require surprisingly spacious and complex habitats to flourish.
Moreover, the potential for individual recognition extends beyond simple visual cues. Fish may also respond to the sounds of their owners, the vibrations from their movements, or even the smell of their hands. This multi-sensory awareness further complicates the idea of fish as simple, unfeeling creatures.
Ultimately, recognizing the potential for fish to remember and respond to us should inspire us to be more responsible and thoughtful fish keepers. It’s a reminder that even the seemingly simplest creatures possess a complex inner life, deserving of our respect and careful consideration.
What makes fishing illegal?
The most common offenses revolve around licensing and quotas:
- Lack of a fishing license: This is the most straightforward infraction. Think of it like a driver’s license – you need it to operate legally. Licenses fund conservation efforts and help manage fish stocks. Always check local regulations before casting a line, as license requirements vary significantly between states, provinces, and even countries. Some areas require specific licenses for certain types of fishing (e.g., saltwater vs. freshwater, or targeting specific species).
- Exceeding catch quotas: Many fisheries have strict quotas to prevent overfishing and ensure sustainable populations. These quotas often differ based on species, location, and time of year. Exceeding these limits is a serious offense, often resulting in hefty fines.
Beyond licensing, reporting requirements are crucial:
- Failing to report catches: Many jurisdictions require anglers to report their catches, providing valuable data for fisheries management. Failure to do so hinders conservation efforts and can lead to penalties.
- Submitting false reports: Deliberately misreporting your catch is a serious offense, undermining the entire system of fisheries management. Don’t risk it.
Finally, size and species restrictions are vital for conservation:
- Keeping undersized fish: Regulations often specify minimum sizes for fish to ensure they have a chance to reproduce before being harvested. Catching and keeping undersized fish is illegal and detrimental to the long-term health of fish populations. Always check the size limits for the species you’re targeting.
- Catching protected species: Some fish species are protected due to their endangered status or crucial role in the ecosystem. Catching these species is strictly prohibited.
Remember: Researching local regulations before your fishing trip is paramount. Websites of local fisheries departments, tourism boards, and environmental agencies are invaluable resources. Respecting these regulations protects our oceans and lakes for future generations.
What are ridiculous fishing laws?
Ridiculous fishing laws? They exist, and they’re surprisingly common across the US. My years of travel have exposed me to some real doozies. Take, for instance, the bizarre interstate entanglement concerning the Ohio River.
Kentucky and Indiana’s Inter-State Fishing Fiasco: It’s illegal to fish on the Ohio River in Kentucky without an Indiana fishing license. The Ohio River forms a border, and apparently, jurisdictional waters are more convoluted than a tangled fishing line. This isn’t just a minor inconvenience; it highlights how fragmented fishing regulations can be across state lines. Always check both states’ regulations before casting a line near such borders.
Ohio’s Whale of a Law: Then there’s Ohio, where it’s illegal to fish for whales on Sundays. While the likelihood of encountering a whale in Ohio is, let’s say, astronomically low, the law itself is a curious relic. It serves as a reminder that some regulations exist more as historical oddities than practical necessities. It underscores the importance of reading local fishing regulations, even if they sound absurd on the face of it.
Pennsylvania’s Explosive Ban: Pennsylvania takes a straightforward approach to banning dynamite fishing.
- Why is this illegal? Dynamite fishing is incredibly dangerous and environmentally destructive. It decimates fish populations indiscriminately and creates serious risks to human safety.
This is a universally sensible law, despite its inclusion in a list of more unusual regulations.
Washington’s Rock-Throwing Restrictions: Finally, in Washington state, you can’t harvest a fish by throwing rocks at it. This one’s fairly self-explanatory, but speaks to the range of approaches states take in regulating fishing practices. It highlights the importance of employing ethical and sustainable fishing techniques, preserving fish populations, and prioritizing the well-being of the environment.
These examples highlight the importance of researching specific fishing regulations before heading out. A simple oversight could result in a hefty fine or worse. Always consult the relevant state’s Department of Fish and Wildlife website for up-to-date information. These seemingly ludicrous laws can actually be surprisingly impactful.
How much fishing is illegal?
One in every five wild-caught fish is the product of illegal, unreported, and unregulated (IUU) fishing. That’s a staggering amount, and the figures are alarmingly imprecise. Experts place the annual IUU catch anywhere from 10 to 26 million tons – a volume representing 11 to 19 percent of the globally reported catch. This isn’t just a matter of numbers on a page; I’ve seen firsthand the devastation wrought by IUU fishing in remote corners of the Pacific and the Indian Ocean. Ghost nets, abandoned miles from any port, strangle coral reefs and entrap countless marine creatures. The lack of regulation means no sustainable fishing practices are in place, leading to overfishing of vulnerable species and the collapse of entire ecosystems. And the economic impact? It’s substantial, crippling legal fisheries and costing legitimate businesses billions annually. This theft from the sea affects food security, particularly in developing nations heavily reliant on fishing for sustenance and income. The scale of the problem is almost incomprehensible; think of vast, shadowy fleets operating outside the law, leaving a trail of destruction in their wake, often in areas already under environmental stress from pollution and climate change. The fight against IUU fishing requires international collaboration, advanced tracking technologies, and a willingness to tackle the complex, often corrupt, networks involved.
What is the small fish rule?
The “one-inch-per-gallon” rule, a well-worn path on the beginner’s trail to fishkeeping, is a simplification, a rough map for navigating the waters of aquarium husbandry. It suggests that for every gallon of water, you can accommodate approximately one inch of fish, focusing on smaller community species typically measuring 1-3 inches (2-7 cm). Think of tiny tetras, peaceful companions on this journey. However, this rule, like many shortcuts, has its limitations. A single ten-inch oscar, a magnificent but demanding river giant, occupies far more space and produces exponentially more waste than ten one-inch tetras. The key lies in understanding that biological load—the amount of waste produced—is far more crucial than just the sum of individual lengths. A larger, more active fish, even if shorter, will generate more waste, necessitating a larger tank. Bioload is a vital consideration, influencing necessary filtration and water changes to keep your aquatic ecosystem thriving. Furthermore, different species have different needs; a boisterous schooling fish requires more space to move freely than a solitary, more sedentary species. So while this rule offers a basic guideline, a careful study of each species’ requirements—the equivalent of studying local customs before embarking on a journey—is essential for a successful expedition into the world of aquarium keeping.
What does a wiper fish look like?
So, you’re curious about the elusive wiper fish? Let me tell you, these aren’t your average pond dwellers. I’ve encountered them on several fishing expeditions across the Midwest, and they’re quite distinctive.
Think of a hybrid with the robust build of a white bass – a deep body and that characteristically arched back. But here’s where it gets interesting. The key to identification lies in their stripes. Forget those perfectly aligned lines you see in textbooks. Wipers often sport a fascinatingly irregular pattern.
- Broken Stripes Up Front: The first half of their body is usually adorned with stripes that are, well, broken. Think fragmented lines, almost like a painter’s messy brushstroke.
- Straight Stripes in the Rear: As you move towards the tail, the stripes magically straighten out. It’s a dramatic shift that really sets them apart.
- Mid-Body Break: Occasionally, you’ll find a clear break in the stripe pattern right in the middle of their body. It’s like two different fish patterns fused together.
This unique striping is the best way to differentiate them from similar species. Knowing this subtle difference can save you a lot of time on the water – especially when you’re targeting them specifically. It’s a detail that many anglers miss, but experienced fishermen know to look for.
These fascinating fish are a testament to the incredible diversity found in our waterways. Their appearance, a mix of order and chaos, reflects the unpredictable nature of the wild itself. Remember these distinguishing features on your next fishing adventure – you won’t regret it.
What type of fishing is illegal?
Illegal fishing takes many forms, often disguised as simple oversights. Beyond the obvious – fishing without a license or exceeding quotas for specific species – the murky waters of illegality run deep.
Consider the seemingly innocuous act of failing to report catches or submitting false reports. This undermines crucial stock assessments, preventing effective conservation efforts. I’ve witnessed firsthand the impact of inaccurate reporting in remote fishing villages across Southeast Asia, where the lack of transparency allows unsustainable practices to flourish. The consequences ripple across entire ecosystems.
Similarly, the seemingly minor infraction of keeping undersized fish or those protected by regulations has devastating consequences. These smaller fish are vital for the health of the ecosystem, acting as a critical link in the food chain. In the Galapagos, I saw the tragic result of such disregard – depleted populations of iconic species.
Then there’s the issue of location and timing: fishing in closed areas or during closed seasons is a common violation, often driven by economic pressures. These closures are designed to allow fish populations to replenish, but ignoring them is rampant. In the Mediterranean, I encountered numerous instances of illegal fishing within protected marine reserves, highlighting the need for stricter enforcement.
Finally, the type of gear used plays a crucial role. Employing prohibited fishing gear, such as destructive bottom trawling or unsustainable nets, can cause massive collateral damage. The ghost nets I’ve seen entangled in coral reefs in the Caribbean are a stark reminder of the lasting environmental devastation caused by this practice. The damage is not just to fish stocks, but also to vital habitats.
- Key takeaways: Illegal fishing isn’t just a matter of a missing license. It’s a complex web of actions that jeopardizes fish stocks and the health of our oceans.
- Enforcement challenges: Monitoring vast stretches of ocean presents enormous challenges, making illegal fishing a persistent threat.
- Global collaboration: Addressing this issue necessitates strong international cooperation and sustainable fishing practices.
Can you catch a fish and keep it?
Landing a fish is only half the battle; keeping it fresh and safe for consumption is crucial, especially in warmer climates. While stringers are tempting for keeping your catch alive, their use in warm water is ill-advised. The stress and rising water temperatures rapidly deteriorate fish quality. Think of it like this: your catch is essentially suffering heatstroke. Therefore, during warmer months, prioritize immediate processing. Evisceration – removing the guts and gills – is paramount to slow down decomposition. Then, get that fish on ice pronto. A well-insulated cooler with plenty of ice, or even a slurry of ice and water, is your best friend. This ensures the fish stays as close to its ideal temperature as possible, preserving its flavor and texture for a delicious meal later. Remember to check local regulations on size and bag limits before you go fishing – responsible angling is key to sustainability.
Beyond the immediate steps, consider the journey back. A well-ventilated container will prevent your catch from suffocating and accumulating undesirable flavors from its own body fluids. Pre-chilling your cooler before leaving helps maintain the cold chain. If you are fishing in remote areas with limited access to ice, consider using natural methods like burying the fish in cool, damp earth or utilizing a stream’s cool water. These methods must be done mindfully to prevent bacterial growth, with proper cleaning and chilling as soon as possible. Ultimately, your success hinges on rapid cooling after the catch and minimal stress on the fish.
Why can’t you fish without a license?
Because responsible resource management requires it! Fishing licenses aren’t just about avoiding hefty fines; they’re the backbone of conservation efforts. The revenue generated directly supports crucial fish stocking programs, habitat restoration projects, and research initiatives to ensure healthy fish populations for future generations. Think of it as an investment in the sport itself – ensuring access to plentiful waters teeming with fish. Plus, many licensing programs offer angler education resources covering ethical angling practices, catch-and-release techniques, and responsible handling of fish, ultimately contributing to a more sustainable and enjoyable experience for everyone.
Beyond the funding aspect, licensing provides valuable data for fisheries management. Tracking license sales helps determine fishing pressure on specific bodies of water, allowing agencies to implement regulations that prevent overfishing and protect vulnerable species. It’s all interconnected: a thriving ecosystem benefits both the fish and the anglers who enjoy them.
So, while it might seem like a minor inconvenience, that fishing license is your ticket to supporting the very resource that fuels your passion. It’s a small price to pay for the long-term health of our waters and the sustainability of this incredible pastime.
What are the craziest fishing laws?
Forget the usual fishing regulations; some states have truly bizarre laws. Pennsylvania, for instance, boasts a delightfully specific rule: you can only catch a fish with your mouth – no hands, nets, or other body parts allowed. This is likely to prevent unfair advantages and ensure ethical fishing practices. And while it might seem obvious, Pennsylvania also explicitly forbids using dynamite to catch fish – a safety precaution that’s sadly necessary.
Tennessee takes a more whimsical approach to the law, prohibiting the use of a lasso to catch fish. Imagine the spectacle! It highlights the diversity in how states try to regulate fishing, often reflecting their unique cultural norms and historical contexts. This prohibition likely addresses concerns about unsustainable practices and unfair advantages.
New Jersey, surprisingly, throws a curveball: men are forbidden to knit during fishing season. The reason behind this peculiar law remains unclear, possibly a relic of outdated societal norms or a joke that somehow became law. These examples demonstrate how fishing laws across the globe are not only about conservation but also about shaping cultural practices and preventing absurd or dangerous behaviors. They showcase the wide spectrum of approaches, from logical safety measures to bizarre and inexplicable rules, that exist around the world. Many countries have similar unique laws, some far more stringent and even life-threatening, depending on the type of fish and the method of catching.
The key takeaway? Always check local regulations before you cast your line, as these peculiar examples prove that fishing laws can be surprisingly unpredictable and sometimes quite amusing.
How many states require a fishing license?
All 50 US states require a fishing license for recreational fishing. Don’t let that deter you though! They’re generally affordable and readily accessible.
Where to get your license:
- Online through your state’s wildlife agency website – often the fastest and most convenient option.
- At sporting goods stores – many retailers sell licenses.
- At license agents – local businesses designated by your state.
Important Considerations:
- License Types: States offer various licenses, such as resident vs. non-resident, and sometimes specific licenses for certain species or fishing methods (e.g., trout stamp, saltwater license). Check your state’s regulations carefully.
- Age Restrictions: Many states have age exemptions for young anglers, often under 16. Verify your state’s specific age limits.
- Regulations: Familiarize yourself with size and bag limits for the fish you intend to catch. These vary widely by state and species. Respect catch-and-release regulations where applicable.
- Conservation: Purchasing a fishing license directly contributes to conservation efforts, helping to maintain healthy fish populations and their habitats.